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(4)$BAI=#$NNc$r$_$F$_$h$&!'(BWu Tien-wei,"Re-study of the Nanking Massacre."$B!!!J8bE70R!VFn5~Bg5T;&G7:F9M!W!K!X93F|@oAh8&5f!Y!JCf9qZ!YCf1{[c0F4[!"Cf9qBhFsNr;K[c0F4[!"5HNS>JZ!Y!JD9=U!"5HNS?ML1=PHGWhen Tigers Fight:The Story of the Sino- Japanese War,1937-1945$B!!!J%G%#%C%/!&%&%#%k%=%s!X8W$,@o$&;~(B $B!]F|Cf@oAh(B1937$B!](B1945$B!Y!K(B(New York:Viking, 1982), p. 69.
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(12)$BBgBb@oF.>\Js!'5HNSZ!Y(B62$BJG$h$j0zMQ!#$3$NL?Na$N1QLu$O!"(B Yin and Young,The Rape of Nanking,115$BJG$K8+$($k!#(B
(13)$B!V@i!"#5@i!"$=$7$F#1K|$b$NJaN:C#$KBP=h$7$h$&$H$9$l$P!W!'(BKimura, $B!V!VFn5~$NF.$$!WBh(B16$B;UCDD9CfEg$NF|5-!W!JCf1{8xO@H!#(B
$B!J86Cm$X$NLuCm!'CfEg;UCDD9$NF|5-$NH4?h(B $B!VJaN:$r;D$5$J$$J}?K$reJaN:$O$^$@$>$/$>$/$HEj9_$7$F(B $B$-$F$$$k!#!W(B $B!K!JED2O!K(B
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(17)$B!V#3;~4V$+#4;~4VBT$C$?$,!W!'!!!XKhF|?7J9!Y(B1984$BG/#87n#7F|IU$N7*86Mx0l$N5-;v$h$j!#(B
(18)$B$=$N7k2L!"9u$3$2$K$J$C$?;`BN$N;3$,$G$-$"$,$C$?!'K\B?>!0l!XFn5~$X$NF;!Y!W!J(B1987$BG/D+F|?7J9 (19)$BJ<;N$?$A$,BgNL$KEj9_$7$?$"$H$O!'$3$N9`!J!V0lHL;TL1$N;&32!W!K$O!"9b6=AD!"8b@$L1!"8U0t63!"::CH$;$h!#(B $B$^$?!"(BChina News Digest$B$NFn5~Bg5T;&FC=89fBh#1It!J(B1996$BG/(B3$B7n(B21$B7n9f!K$b;2>H$N$3$H!#(B
$B!J86Cm$X$NLuCm!'!VF|UdFn5~BgEK;&5-Ui!W$O!"0J2<$N(BURL$B$+$iCf9q8l86J8$HF|K\8lLu$r;2>H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#!K(B
http://www.kelly.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~xiang/comucation/database/cj/nanjing/nanjing1_c
http://www.kelly.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~xiang/comucation/database/cj/nanjing/nanjin1_$B#j(B

$B$^$?(BRobert P.Gray$B$K$h$k$=$N1QLu$O!"(B
http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre/njm-tran/index.html
$B$r;2>H$;$h!#!J;32 (20)$B;`BN$O>kJI$N30$d!JCfN,!K;3$r$J$7$F$$$?!#!'(BGao Xingzu$B!J9b6=AD!K!I(BOn the Great Nanjing Tragedy" Journal of Studies of Japanese Aggression Against China$B!"(B1990$BG/(B11$B7n!'(Bp.70.
(27)$B!V=w@-$,:G$?$kHo32Journal of Studies of Japanese Aggression Against China$B!J!XF|K\?/2Z8&5f!Y!K(B ,1991$BG/(B1$B7n!'(Bp.70$B!#(B
(28)$B@8$-;D$C$?85J<;NC#$O!'El;KO:$N(B1996$BG/$NCx (29)$BJ<;NC#$,$=$N$*The Comfort Women:Japan's Brutal Regime ofEnforced Prostitution in the Second World War$B!J%8%g!<%8!&%R%C%/%9!V0V0BIX!]BhFs (30)$B!V(B$B=i$a!"2f!9$O%T%+%s%+%s$N$h$&$JIwJQ$o$j$J8@MU$r;H$$$^$7$?!#!W!'(B $B%J%s%7!$N$b$H$K!W$G$NEl;KO:$X$N%$%s%?(B $B%t%e! $B!J86Cm$X$NLuCm!'1G2h!VE79D$NL>$N2Z8@$N86J8$O $B!V$O$8$a$M!"JQ$JOC$,!"!V%T!<%+%s%+%s!W8@$&$N!#!V$T!p$9!W$F$J$b$s$G8rBe8rBe$GH`=w$rHH$9!"$M!#HH$7$?$@$1$J$i$$$$$N$h!#$^$"!"$$$$$3$?$J$$$1$l$I!"8eI,$:FM$-;&$7$?$M!#$=$l$O;`?M$K8}L5$7!">Z5r1#LG$N$?$a$K$M!D!W!Z>>K\![!K(B
(31)$B!V2f!9$O6/4/$7$?8e!"H`=wC#$r$7$P$7$P;&32$7$?!#!W!'A07G$N%U!&%U%"%j%sO@J8(B70$B%Z!<%8$h$j:F0z!#(B
(32)$B!V62$i$/2f!9$O!"6/4/$7$F$$$k4V$OH`=w$r=w@-$H$7$F$_$F$$$?!#!W!'A07GEl;KO:$NCx (33)20$B?tL>$K5Z$V=w@-$N6/4/!'(B"The Public Prosecution of Tani Hisao, one of the Leading Participants in the Nanking Massacre," Heping Daily, December 31,1946. ($B$X%T%s%0(B $B%G%$%j!<;f(B1946$BG/(B12$B7n(B31$BF|IU!VFn5~Bg5T;&$N;XF3E*;22C $B!J86Cm$X$NLuCm!'!VFn5~;v7o;qNA=8-6Cf9q4X78;qNAJT!W$K<}O?$5$l$F$$$kC+k8e$O6&F1967b$7$?B>$N?tItBb$HFn5~;TFb3FCO6h$K?/F~$7!"Bg5,LO$J5T;&5Z$S6/4/!"N,C%!"J|2P$J$I$NK=9T$r9T$C$?$H$5$l$k!#$=$7$F$=$l$O!"4FFDIT9T$-FO$-$K$h$k6vH/;v7o$J$I$G$O$J$/!"$=$l0JA0$NCf9q73$NDq93$KBP$9$kJsI|$H$7$F7W2hE*$K$*$3$J$o$l$?$b$N$G$"$k$H=R$Y$F$$$k!#$7$+$b!"Ev;~Fn5~$KBZ:_$7$F$$$?309q?MC#$,!"9q:]CDBN$NL>5A$G7+$jJV$7F|K\73Ev6I$K87=E935D$r9T$C$?$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"F|K\73;XF3>K\![!K(B
(34)$B!V$d$C$?8e$G6b$rJ'$&$+!"$=$l$H$b$I$3$+?ML\$K$D$+$J$$$H$3$m$G;OKv$9$k(B $B$J$j$7$m!#!W!'%P!<%,%_%K!XE79D$N1"KE!Y#4#5%Z!<%8!#(B
(35)$B!VBg85?cJE2$B%P!<%,%_%K!XE79D$N1"KE!Y(B39$B%Z!<%8$+$i0zMQ(B
(36)$BMbF|!"@>MN$N%^%9%a%G%#%"$O!'(BHarett Abend,"Japanese Curbing Nanking Excesses" New York Times, December 18, 1937. $B!J%O%l%C%H!&%"!<%Y%s%I!VFn5~K=9T$KBP$9$kF|K\$NM^@)!W%K%e!<%h!<%/%?%$%`%:(B1937.12.18$B!K!#!!!!(B
(37)$B!V;d$O$$$^$d!"F|K\(B $B?M$,$3$N39$K!"$R$I$$0-1F6A$rM?$($F$7$^$C$?$HG'<1$7$F$$$k!W!'2,ED>0$NEl5~:[H=$G$N>Z8@!":[H=B.5-O?(Bp.32738
(38)$B!V;d$O8D?ME*$K$O!"!W!'(Bibid.,pp.3510-11
(39)$B!V$3$s$J$3$H$O;O$a$F$@$C$?!#!W!'%G%#%C%/!&%&%#%k%=%s!VLT8W$?$A$,@o$&;~!W(B83$B%Z!<%8(B
(40)$B!V62$i$/F|K\73$O!"!W!'(BIbid.,83$B%Z!<%8(B
(41)$B!V(B$B0cK!9T0Y$,B3$$$F$$$k$H$N$&$o$5$,$"$k!W!'!XE79D$N1"KE!Y(B43$B%Z!<%8!"(BIMTFE exhibit no.2577,"Proceedings"(Canberra)$B!J6KEl9q:]73;vK!Dn!">Z5r=qN`(B2577$B9f!":[H=B.5-O?!K(B p.47187$B!!(B(42)$B!V;d$NIt2<$,BgJQ0-$$$3$H$r$7$?!#!W!'F|9b?.O;O:$NEl5~:[H=$G$N>Z8@!"B.5-O?(Bp.21448$B!#(B
(43)$B!VAr57$ND>8e!"!W!'2V;3(B186$B%Z!<%8!"%P!<%,%_%K(B41$B%Z!<%8$+$i0zMQ(B
(44)$B!V;YFaGI8/73$O!W!'5H8+5AL@!V=>730V0BIX$NNr;KE*8&5f!W!J!V@oAhHo32$HF|(B $BK\!'9q:]8xD02q$N5-O?!WBg:e;T! (45)$B!V$7$+$7(B1991$BG/5H8+5AL@$O!W!'5H8+;a$NKI1RD#$G$NH/8+$K$D$$$F$N1Q8lJ88%$K$D$$$F$O!"F|K\$NCf9q?/N,$N8&5f$N5-O?!J(B1992$BG/#27n!K(B62$B$Z!<%8!"(B $B$3$NH/8+$O(B1992$BG/#17n!"5\Bt4n0l (46)$B!V%V%i%C%/!&%[!<%k!W!'%;%*%I%"!a%/%C%/$HCx (47)$B!V(BTo this day$B!W!'(B15$BG/$K$o$?$kF|K\BZ:_$r=*$($F5"$C$F$-$?JF9q3$73$N8x<03$73Bg;H4[0w$G$"$k(BE.H.$B%o%H%=%s3$73Bg:4$K$h$k$$$/$D$+$N3P$(=q$-$dHf3S!"4Q;!$J$I!#(B Office of the Chief of Naval Intelligence,general correspondence, 1929-42,folder P9-2/EF16#23,box284,record group38,National Archives.
(48)I$BH`=w$N!X5F$HEa!Y$H$$$&K\$NCf$G!'(B Ruth Benedict, The Chrysathemum and the Sword : Patterns of Japanese Culture(Boston : Houghton Mifflin,1946)

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